Quid Pro Quo (QPQ) Tracker
Quid Pro Quo (QPQ) Tracker

A fraction of one percent of Americans pays for our politics.

The Quid Pro Quo (QPQ) Tracker is a free, nonpartisan public database from Anti-Corruption Action, a 501(c)(3), that shows where political money comes from and which votes, rules and contracts follow.

In the 2024 federal elections, donors who gave $3,300 or more supplied $8.1 billion. That is more than three-quarters of all itemized individual giving. Those donors are roughly 0.14% of U.S. adults, by our arithmetic from OpenSecrets’ donor counts. (OpenSecrets) Eight in ten Americans, across both parties, say those donors have too much influence in Washington. (Pew Research Center)

You can check that debate yourself. The tracker is a graph of 525,763 entities and 649,130 documented connections. It traces money from donor to PAC to candidate, then on to the votes, regulations, federal contracts, and lobbying campaigns that follow. The data comes from FEC filings, the Federal Register, USASpending.gov, Congressional voting records, and lobbying disclosures.

Why this exists

American politics has an epidemic of money and a transparency problem.

Americans who try to track the money in politics find it spread across many databases. Each is difficult to access and built for a narrow use. The Quid Pro Quo (QPQ) Tracker combines those separate, tedious datasets into one database that every American can search.

We start from campaign-finance filings. We parsed and labeled federal regulations and the comments filed with regulators such as the SEC and CFTC. We added the federal lobbying disclosure database, the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) database, and election results. You can follow money into the political system and see who it supported. You can see which lobbying and regulatory fights it was part of. And you can follow it all the way to how the outcome affects you.

Fighting a corrupt system requires transparency. It also requires citizens to understand how that system affects them. The QPQ Tracker exists to show American citizens how money in politics affects them directly.

A project of Anti-Corruption Action, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit.About Anti-Corruption Action →
Lead investigation16 states and Washington, 2023–2026

Who paid for the data centers and what they received

The payer of record is usually the utility, not the hyperscaler. Dominion gave $33.7 million in Virginia. PG&E gave $30.4 million in California. Both are corporate and PAC direct giving in the state filing systems. Georgia Power’s treasury gave Gov. Brian Kemp $1.125 million in six contributions from November 2023 to June 2026. Of that, $50,000 came before his May 7, 2024 veto of the bill that would have paused the sales-tax exemption. Two $500,000 cheques, $1.0 million in all, came on October 10, 2025 and January 19, 2026, 17 and 20 months after the veto. Its employee PAC gave him another $25,000 in October 2023. We read the filings beside the votes, the vetoes and the commission orders in 16 states, and beside the two floor votes in Congress. We verified every figure against the record it came from.

16
states’ campaign-finance filing systems read, each payer row linked to its filing
$334.4M
of lobbying client spend (LDA, whole filing) on filings that mention data centers (an upper bound)
99–1
the Senate vote of July 1, 2025 that struck the ten-year moratorium on state AI laws from H.R. 1
Follow the money, state by state→Findings · The report · Case study
New case studyAn original QPQ Tracker investigation

Before the 2026 lettuce outbreak, the produce-safety rules had already been rolled back

Before contaminated lettuce reached American consumers, the numeric water-safety standard had been deleted. The traceability rule had been defunded. This study reads the contribution ledger, the lobbying filings, and the rulemaking calendar side by side. Every figure is verified against the FEC and the Senate lobbying database.

$3.45M
in corporate super-PAC money since 2022, verified receipt by receipt
$710K
of lobbying on “Regulation of food safety” aimed at Congress, never the FDA
2028
the year the defunded traceability rule can next be enforced
Read the case study→
Case studyRepublished from OpenSecrets, with our analysis

OpenSecrets found $52 million of outside money in one Senate primary. We traced it one layer further.

The United Democracy Project’s $80.3 million war chest is usually described as pro-Israel donor money. The itemized receipts are more specific. AIPAC’s own 501(c)(4) treasury supplied $30 million of it this cycle, including $25 million on a single day in September 2025. Across the 2022–2026 cycles, it supplied $51.6 million in direct transfers. That 501(c)(4) is a nonprofit and does not disclose its own donors. Thus more than a third of the money behind the spending cannot be traced further through public disclosures.

$51.6M
from AIPAC’s own c4 to UDP, 2022–2026 cycles ($30M of it this cycle)
$5M
passed through to another state’s race
$500K
from ConocoPhillips and Chevron into the “centrist Democrat” machine, 2024 cycle
Read the story and our analysis→
0.14%
of U.S. adults supplied $8.1B of 2024 itemized giving (our arithmetic from OpenSecrets' donor counts)
80%
of Americans say big donors have too much influence (Pew)
308,191
individual federal donors tracked in this graph (duplicate records combined by name)
26%
of that tracked federal individual giving comes from the 25 largest donors
The few

Ten donors account for $971.3M in tracked giving.

These ten are among the largest individual donors tracked in this database. The graph holds 308,191 individual federal donors, duplicate records combined by name. Their giving spans both parties and every major spending vehicle. Each card shows where the largest share of their tracked money went. Click through to see the donor's full network: the PACs they fund, the candidates those PACs support or oppose, and the policy record that follows.

Timothy Mellon
Banking-family heir; former Pan Am Systems chairman
$226.0M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: MAGA Inc ($150.0M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $197.0M
George Soros
Investor; Open Society Foundations founder
$181.7M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: DEMOCRACY PAC II ($175.0M)
Largest tracked cycle: 2022 ($175.3M)
Kenneth Griffin
Citadel founder and CEO
$129.6M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND ($89.0M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $108.4M
Miriam Adelson
Las Vegas Sands majority owner
$99.2M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND ($87.5M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $148.3M
Stephen Schwarzman
Blackstone co-founder and CEO
$91.5M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND ($74.0M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $40.2M
Paul Singer
Elliott Management founder
$69.1M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: SENATE LEADERSHIP FUND ($43.0M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $66.8M
Dustin Moskovitz
Facebook and Asana co-founder
$55.9M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: FF PAC ($50.0M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $50.7M
Marc Andreessen
Andreessen Horowitz co-founder
$41.8M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: Fairshake ($33.5M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $42.4M
Ben Horowitz
Andreessen Horowitz co-founder
$38.9M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: Fairshake ($33.5M)
OpenSecrets, 2024 cycle (incl. family): $42.1M
Peter Thiel
Founders Fund partner; Palantir co-founder
$37.5M
Tracked federal giving in this graph
Largest tracked recipient: SAVING ARIZONA PAC ($20.0M)
Largest tracked cycle: 2022 ($35.3M)

Tracked totals are FEC-itemized federal contributions ingested into this database. They are deduplicated for amended filings and span the 2016–2024 cycles. Coverage varies by donor, so these are a floor, not a full-cycle total. They will differ from figures reported elsewhere. Cross-reference: OpenSecrets, Biggest Donors, 2024 cycle. See methodology.

Case study: what this data can show

Crypto industry money in the 2024 elections, and the 2025 law that followed

This case follows one industry through one election cycle. It runs from donors to PACs, PACs to races, races to legislation, and legislation to agency rules. Every step below links into the graph. Crypto corporations put more than $170M into intervening in 2024 congressional races. That was more than a third of all disclosed corporate election spending that cycle (Public Citizen).

1

The money goes in

A short list of corporate and individual funders, including Coinbase, Jump Crypto, Marc Andreessen, and Ben Horowitz, supplies the Fairshake super-PAC network and its affiliates Defend American Jobs and Protect Progress. Coinbase alone gave $75.5M to federal super PACs across the 2024 FEC cycle. Of that, $73.5M went to Fairshake, Defend American Jobs and Protect Progress, and $2.0M to the four congressional leadership super PACs. $50.5M arrived before election day. The other $25.0M was banked in December 2024, after the votes were counted. Each funder's itemized contributions, with FEC filing links, are on their entity page.
2

The money is spent

The crypto-aligned super PACs together spent more than $135M in the 2024 cycle, on candidates of both parties (CNBC). Fairshake's own FEC-reported outside spending was $40.7M (OpenSecrets). Defend American Jobs backed Bernie Moreno against Senator Sherrod Brown. Brown chaired the Senate Banking Committee and was among the industry's most prominent skeptics. Fairshake spent $10.1M in tracked independent expenditures opposing Katie Porter in California's open Senate primary.
3

The seats change

Moreno won. Brown, a three-term incumbent, lost. Porter finished third in her primary. By July, the Congress seated in January 2025 had enacted the GENIUS Act and the House had passed the CLARITY Act, the industry's two priority bills. See every race the money touched →
4

The rules change

On July 17, 2025 the CLARITY Act passed the House. On July 18, 2025 the GENIUS Act, the stablecoin framework the industry sought, became law. Since then this database has tracked 13 distinct federal rulemakings implementing that framework (2 final, the rest proposed rules). Follow the rulemaking →

Every link in this chain is a public record: an FEC filing, a certified election result, a roll-call vote or a Federal Register entry. All of the conduct on this page is lawful and publicly disclosed. We allege no violation of law and make no causal claim.

Open this network in the graph→
Elections reshaped

Concentrated money is also spent to defeat incumbents.

Independent-expenditure campaigns funded by a handful of donors spent heavily against three Democrats in 2024 primaries. All three lost: two incumbents and one open-seat candidate. The fourth card shows a split result.

Jamaal Bowman

U.S. House, NY-16
United Democracy Project (AIPAC's super PAC) spent $9.9M in tracked independent expenditures opposing him. Politico called it the most expensive House primary on record. He lost the June 2024 primary with 41.3% of the vote.

Cori Bush

U.S. House, MO-01
United Democracy Project spent $5.2M in tracked independent expenditures opposing her. She lost her August 2024 primary to Wesley Bell.

Katie Porter

U.S. Senate primary, CA
Fairshake spent $10.1M in tracked independent expenditures opposing her. She finished third in California's open primary. Schiff and Garvey advanced.

Peter Thiel, 2022

A split result
In 2022, Peter Thiel put $20M (tracked) into Saving Arizona PAC, which backed Blake Masters. He put $15M into Protect Ohio Values, which backed J.D. Vance. Vance won his Senate race. Masters lost his. Concentrated money shapes the ballot. But it does not guarantee the outcome.

"Tracked" figures are the independent-expenditure filings ingested into this database. They can undercount full-cycle totals reported by the FEC. Every figure links to its filings on the entity page.

The gap

Americans of both parties think money runs Washington. This data lets you check.

Polls show what Americans believe about money in politics. Public records show what was given and what happened next. The QPQ Tracker puts the two side by side.

What Americans say
80%
say big campaign donors have too much influence on decisions made by members of Congress
73%
say the same of lobbyists and special interests
72%
support limits on campaign spending, with comparable majorities in both parties
Source: Pew Research Center, September 2023 (survey of 8,480 U.S. adults)
The pattern repeats

The same pattern appears across industries

Crypto super PACs spent against the Senate Banking chairman and for his challenger. Defense contractor PACs give to the members who sit on the committees that authorize their programs. We track both the donations and the federal contracts, via USASpending.gov. Israel-lobby PACs spend heavily for and against candidates in Democratic primaries. Each card lays the money beside the policy record that followed. Every donor carries corporate records from OpenCorporates.

Figures are tracked FEC and state filings ingested into this database, one hop from the sector's own firms and PACs. Direct giving to candidates, independent expenditures for, independent expenditures against, and independent expenditures whose filing does not record a direction are reported separately and never summed. Party, candidate and joint-fundraising committees are not counted as sector donors. Win/loss tallies are withheld until the election results table has been verified. See methodology.

Go deeper

525,763 entities. 649,130 connections. Start anywhere.

525,763 entities·649,130 relationships·539,359 votes·18,571 FARA filings·Methodology